Fullstack Software Engineer: Command Cheat Sheet

A list of frequently used commands to manage OpenSSL, Docker, Kubernetes, Linux, Git, Helm, and .NET

OpenSSL

CSR: Generate a CSR used to issue a certificate

openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout private-key-file.key -out csr-file.csr

Self-Signed Cert: Generate a cert along with a new private key

openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout key-file.pem -x509 -days 365 -out certificate-file.pem

Cert: Review existing certificate information

openssl x509 -text -noout -in certificate-file.pem

PEM: See content in plain text

openssl x509 -in pem-file.pem -text

PKCS#12 (P12) Bundle: Combine your key and certificate in a P12bundle — an alternative to pfx

openssl pkcs12 -inkey key-file.pem -in certificate-file.pem -export -out certificate-file.p12

P12: Review existing P12 information

openssl pkcs12 -in p12-bundle-file.p12 -noout -info

PFX: Generate PFX

openssl pkcs12 -export -out certificate-file.pfx -inkey privateKey-file.key -in certificate-file.crt -certfile more.crt

PFX: Extract private key

openssl pkcs12 -in PFX-file.pfx -nocerts -out key-file.pem

PEM: Generate PEM file from a PFX file

openssl pkcs12 -in pfx-file.pfx -out cert-file.pem -nodes

PEM: Convert PEM file to CRT

openssl x509 -outform der -in pem-file.pem -out cert-file.crt

PEM: Export certificate from a PFX with no key

openssl pkcs12 -in file-name.pfx -clcerts -nokeys -out cert.pem

Key: Decrypt an encrypted private key file

openssl rsa -in encrypted-private-key.key -out unencrypted-private-key.key

Key: Removing the password from the private key

openssl rsa -in pem-file.pem -out private-key-with-no-pass-file.key

Thumbprint: Get thumbprint of a SHA-256 cert

openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint -sha256 -inform pem -in cert-file.pem

Thumbprint: Get thumbprint of a SHA-1 cert

openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint -sha1 -inform pem -in cert-file.pem

Thumbprint: Get thumbprint of a MD5 cert

openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint -md5 -inform pem -in cert-file.pem

Docker

Image: Build a new image with a tag

docker build -t hello-docker .

Image: Lists all the images on this machine

docker image ls

Image: Remove redundant images

docker image prune

Container: Remove redundant containers

docker container prune

Image: Tag an existing image

docker image tag <image-id>:<image-tag> <new-image-id>:<new-image-tag>

Image: Saves the image as tar file on disk

docker image save -o <filename like image.tar> <image-name>:<image-tag>

Container: Lists all the running containers on this machine

docker ps

Container: Run a container in interactive mode

docker run -it image-name

Container: Tail the logs

docker logs <container-id> -f

Container: tail the last two lines of logs

docker logs -n 2 -t <container-id>

Network: Lists all the networks

docker network ls

Volumes: Create a new one

docker volume create <volume-name>

Volumes: Inspect a volume

docker volume inspect <volume-name>

Container: Run a container with a volume attached

docker run -d -p 4000:4000 -v <volume-name>:/app/data <image-name></image-name>

Command: Execute a command and run the bash window in interactive mode with root user

docker exec -it 146 -u root bash

Command: execute a command and run the bash window in interactive mode and login as Mahdi

docker exec -it -u Mahdi 146 bash

Docker-Compose: Build with no cache

docker-compose build --no-cache

Docker-Compose: Run an already built compose file

docker-compose up

Docker-Compose: Stop an already running compose application

docker-compose down

Docker-Compose: List of running docker-compose applications

docker-compose ps

Docker-Compose: Logs of all running applications

docker-compose logs

Minikube

Cluster: install a new one

minikube install

Cluster: Start an installed cluster

minikube start

Cluster: Stop a running cluster

minikube stop

Cluster: Get the status of a running cluster

minikube status

Ingress: Enable Ingress

minikube addons enable ingress

Service: assigns a load balancer service an IP address

minikube service <service-name>

Helm

Charts: Run a deployment

helm upgrade --install ecosystem-location-api-release <location-of-the-charts> --values <path-to-values-files-in-the-desired-environment> --set image.tag='v1.0.0' --set global.env.ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT='Production' --set-string timestamp=a_random_values

Kubernetes

Secret: Create a new secret

kubectl create secret tls technologyleads-sample-cert --key unencrypted-key-file.key --cert cert-file.crt

Config: Applies the configuration yaml file to the cluster

kubectl apply -f <config-file-name.yaml>

Cluster: Get information

kubectl cluster-info

Linux

Security: Current logged in user

whoami

Commands: a list of past commands

history

Packages: list of all the packages in the database available to the os, some of installed, some of them not.

apt list

Package: Install a package on OS

apt install app-name

Package: Update the list of available packages to be run before install command

apt update

Package: Uninstall a package from OS

apt remove app-name

Directory: Print Working Directory

pwd

Directory: Goes to the home directory of current user

cd ~

Directory: Create one

mkdir

Directory: Remove one or folder

rm -r

Direct/File: Rename or move files and folders

mv test docker: renames the text folder to docker

File: Create one

touch filename

File: Remove one or more files

rm filename

File: View the content of a file

cat filename

File: View the content of larger files

more filename

File: View the content of larger files with scroll up/down

less fiiename

File: View the first five lines

head 5 file.txt

File: View the last five lines

tail 5 file.txt

Redirection: Copies the content of one file to the other

cat file.txt > file2.txt
echo hello > hello.txt

Grep: looks for hello in file.txt in a case-insenstive manner

grep -i hello file.txt

Grep: looks for hello in file.txt in a case-insenstive manner

grep -i hello file.txt

Grep: looks for hello in all files with names begin with file

grep -i hello file*

Grep: looks for hellp in the passwd file

grep hellp /etc/passwrd

Grep: looks for hello in all files and directories in etc

grep -i -r hello /etc/

Search: Find all files and directories in the current directory recursively

find

Search: Find all files and directories in the current directory recursively starting with /etc

find /etc

Search: show all directories in the current directory

find -type d

Search: show all files in the current directory

find -type f

Search: all the files whose names start with f

find -type f -name 'f*'

Search: all the files (case insentivive) whose names start with f

find -type f -iname 'f*'

List: a list of all files in bin, scrolling up and down

ls /bin | less

List: the top 5 files in the bin

ls /bin | head -n 5

List: prints all environment variables

printenv

Environment Variable: Print environment variable PATH

printenv PATH

Environment Variable: Environment Variable: Print environment variable PATH

echo $PATH

Variable: Define a variable in the current session

export DB_USER=test

Variable: Show the variable

echo $DB_USER

Bashrc: Append the current user local settings with a permanent variable

echo DB_USER=5 >> .bashrc

Bashrc: Reload bashrc for the current terminal

source .bashrc

Process: List of all current running processes

ps

Process: Sleep the current prompt for three seconds

sleep 3

Process: Kills the process with a process id

kill PID

Users: Add a new user with home directory

useradd -m Jack

Users: the new script that uses useradd behind the scene, and is more interactive

adduser

Users: Creates a system user named app, and add it to the group app

adduser -S -G app app

Users: list of all users

cat /etc/passwrd

Users: modified the shell used by this user to bash

usermod -s /bin/bash Mahdi

.NET

EF Migration: Add a new migration after making code-first model changes

dotnet-ef migrations --startup-project ..\Api\Start-up-project.csproj add migration-name --verbose

EF Migration: Run migrations and apply them to the database

dotnet-ef database --startup-project ..\Api\Start-up-project.csproj update --verbose

EF Migration: Roll back database to a specific migration

dotnet-ef database --startup-project ..\Api\Start-up-project.csproj update migration-name --verbose

Local Host Cert: Generate a certificate for HomeApi localhost endpoint

dotnet dev-certs https -ep C:\Users\mahdi\.aspnet\https\HomeApi.pfx -p LOCAL-CERTIFICATE-PASSWORD --trust

User Secret: Add a local user secret to a.NET project

dotnet user-secrets set 'Movies:ServiceApiKey' '12345' --project 'C:\apps\WebApp1\src\WebApp1

Groups: Add a new group

groupadd

Groups: Remove a grou

groupdel

Groups: Lists the groups for this user

groups <username>

Groups: lists of the groups for this user

groups <username>

Groups: lists all the groups

cat /etc/group

Groups: adds Mahdi to developers group

usermod -G developers Mahdi

Groups: lists of the groups of this user

groups Mahdi

Permissions: change the permission for the user, add the execute permission

chmod u+x filename/pattern

Permissions: change the permission for the user, removes the execute permission

chmod u-x filename/pattern

Permissions: change the permission for the group owning the file, and add read permission

chmod g+r  filename/pattern

Permissions: change the permission for others, and remove write permission

chmod o-w filename/pattern

Permissions: change the permission for others, and remove write permission, add read and execute permissions

chmod ogu-w+r+x filename/pattern

Sql Server

Login: to a SQL instance

sqlcmd -s SQL5080.site4now.net -U user-id -P password

Azure

Deploy: Disable run from a package

az webapp config appsettings set --resource-group resource-group-name --name app-or-api-name --settings WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE='0'

Deploy: Enable App/API access app certificates

az webapp config appsettings set -n app-name -g resource-group-name --settings WEBSITE_LOAD_CERTIFICATES=*

Deploy: Enable App/API load user profile

az webapp config appsettings set -n app-name -g resource-group-name --settings WEBSITE_LOAD_USER_PROFILE=1

Deploy: Set an app setting

az webapp config appsettings set -n app-name -g resource-group-name --settings ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT='Production'

Git

Commit: Take back the last commit, but keep the changes

git reset --soft HEAD~1

LFS: Enable LFS Tracking for an extension (like zip)

git lfs track *.zip

LFS: Clean up Git commit history from large files

java -jar 'path-to-bfg-jar-file\bfg-1.14.0.jar' --convert-to-git-lfs '*.{zip,onnx,tsv,csv}' --no-blob-protection .

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